Where does sperm mature within the male reproductive system?

Sperm matures in the epididymis, which is a tightly coiled tube located on the surface of the testis. This structure plays a critical role in the male reproductive system by allowing sperm to undergo a maturation process that can take several days. During this time, sperm gain the ability to swim and fertilize an egg. Conditions within the epididymis, including the presence of certain proteins and a unique environment, facilitate the final stages of sperm maturation.

The other structures mentioned play different roles in reproduction. The seminal vesicle is primarily involved in producing a significant portion of the seminal fluid that nourishes and supports sperm during ejaculation. The prostate gland also contributes to the seminal fluid and helps to protect sperm during transit. The vas deferens is simply a transport duct that carries mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct, but is not involved in the maturation process itself.