What type of cells secrete insulin to lower blood glucose levels?

The secretion of insulin, which plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels, is carried out by beta cells. These cells are located in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. When blood glucose levels rise, typically after a meal, beta cells respond by producing and releasing insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by various tissues, particularly muscle and adipose (fat) tissues, effectively lowering blood glucose concentrations to maintain homeostasis.

Beta cells are essential for glucose metabolism and energy balance in the body. Dysfunction or inadequate secretion of insulin from these cells can lead to conditions such as diabetes mellitus, where blood glucose levels become chronically elevated.

In contrast, alpha cells in the pancreas are responsible for secreting glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels. Delta cells produce somatostatin, which regulates the endocrine system and slows down the release of insulin and glucagon. Acinar cells are involved in the exocrine function of the pancreas, secreting digestive enzymes into the intestine rather than hormones into the bloodstream.